World War Briefing

Based on a series of short talks by the author for a local group for descendants of US veterans, intended to provide a basic overview of the conflict.

Walter Gurske Walter Gurske

Spring, 1944

Part Three: The War

The Soviets launch offensives into Romania and Finland, as Monte Cassino falls and Rome shortly thereafter. Meanwhile, the Japanese fleet is devastated in the Philippine Sea while they are thrown back out of India.

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The Bombing of Germany

In a full turn of the tables since the days of the Battle of Britain, Germany found itself subjected to a continuous onslaught of round the clock bombing by the both the US Army Air Force and the Royal Air Force, as the Luftwaffe slowly succumbed to massive attrition.

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Walter Gurske Walter Gurske

Winter, 1944

Part Three: The War

The Germans retreat in the East while a bitter struggle envelops the Italian monastery at Monte Cassino. The defenses there repulse multiple Allied assaults, and even an additional landing at Anzio in the rear cannot dislodge the Germans. Meanwhile the Luftwaffe resumes bombing British cities, as in the Pacific the Americans continue to isolate Rabaul and seize two more atolls as they drive ever closer to Japan.

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Walter Gurske Walter Gurske

The Battle of Tarawa

Part Three: The War

The Americans commence their Island Hopping Campaign with a landing at Tarawa Atoll, resulting in three days of carnage on the island of Betio against well dug in Japanese forces committed to fighting to the death.

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Walter Gurske Walter Gurske

Fall, 1943

Part Three: The War

The Soviets push the Germans further out of Ukraine as the Kingdom of Italy reenters the war on the side of the Allies. Meanwhile, the Allies begin to break out of the Solomons into the Central Pacific as the Island Hopping Campaign begins.

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Summer, 1943

Part Three: The War

As the offensive at Kursk turns into disaster or the Germans, the Italian Fascist government collapses, prompting a German invasion of their erstwhile ally. Meanwhile, the Americans launch an invasion of the Island of New Georgia in the Solomons, and the biter campaign in New Guinea slowly grinds onward.

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Operation Husky

As the Battle of Kursk escalates in the East, the Western Allies launch their invasion of Sicily. As the Anglo-American forces sweep across the island, the ensuing political crisis spells the doom of Benito Mussolini and Italian Fascism, as the King orders the Duce arrested and is left with a weak government and shattered army, all while their erstwhile German ally prepares to respond.

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The Battle of Kursk

Part Three: The War

The German and Soviet armies clash at Kursk in the largest tank battle of all time, with the fate of the war in the East hanging in the balance. Despite initial German gains their offensive was blunted, and when the dust settled the Germans had decisively lose the initiative on the Eastern Front.

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Spring, 1943

Part Three: The War

Both sides prepare for their summer offensives in the East as the long campaign for North Africa comes to a close with the destruction of the Axis forces in Tunisia. Meanwhile. the Allies launch new offensives in the South Pacific, the Japanese attack the Chinese in Hubei, and Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto is killed when his plane is shot down over the island of Bougainville in a carefully planned operation.

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Walter Gurske Walter Gurske

Winter, 1943

Part Three: The War

In the wake of the disaster at Stalingrad, the Germans find themselves losing ground across the Eastern Front, as their first meeting with the Americans in North Africa results in a short lived victory. Meanwhile, the Battle for Guadalcanal ends as the Japanese withdraw, and all sides settle in for a protracted, total war.

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Fall, 1942

Part Three: The War

The German drive in the east begins to slow as the Americans enter the fray in North Africa. Vichy France ceases to exist as a functional state, and their fleet is destroyed to prevent the Germans from seizing it. In the Pacific, the US sends the Japanese into retreat on Guadalcanal as their fleets clash around the island.

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The Battle of El Alamein

Part Three: The War

Montgomery launches his long planned offensive against the German lines in Egypt. After a long, brutal battle of attrition the Axis forces collapse, with the remnants of the German forces retreating into Libya as the Italian forces are left behind to make a final stand. In London, a jubilant Churchill famously declares the “End of the Beginning”

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The Battle of Midway

Part Three: The War

The US Navy ambushes the Japanese carrier fleet at Midway Island, achieving surprise and managing to destroy four fleet carriers for the loss of only one. The Imperial Japanese Navy would never recover from this devastating loss, and the initiative would shift decisively in favor the Americans.

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Spring, 1942

Part Three: The War

As the Germans resume their offensive in the East, the British are pushed back into Egypt. Meanwhile, Czech agents assassinate SS leader Reinhard Heydrich, prompting massive retaliation. In the Pacific, the Japanese force the British from Burma, and US and IJN fleets clash in the Coral Sea.

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Winter, 1942

Part Three: The War

The war continues across the European and newly opened Pacific Theaters, as the Germans make gains in North Africa and the Japanese smash their way across the Pacific and East Asia. As the war spreads around the globe, the alliances of both the Axis and Allied powers are reaffirmed, as both sides set into what promises to be total warfare.

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The Fall of the Philippines

Part Three: The War

The United States faces its first major land campaign of the war as the Japanese land on the Philippine Islands, a US territory since 1898. After a brutal campaign lasting almost six months the archipelago falls to the Japanese in the largest defeat in the history of the United States.

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The Battle of Moscow

Part Three: The War

As the Wehrmacht launches its offensive against the Soviet capital, the Red Army mounts a desperate defense. Aided by the increasingly difficult winter weather, they are able to first halt the Germans and then throw them back, scoring the first major land victory against the Germans in this war.

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Walter Gurske Walter Gurske

Pearl Harbor

Part Three: The War

On December 7, 1941 carrier aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy struck at the US Pacific Fleet base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, devastating the fleet and thrusting the United States into the war. The American antiwar movement almost immediately evaporates, and the massive resources of the United States are soon to be marshalled against the Japanese and their allies.

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