With a shortage of artillery, the Manila Naval Defense Force made extensive use of naval guns cannibalized from the partially sunken IJN ships in Manila Bay.

The Japanese “Knee Mortar” provided Imperial troops with an effective and highly mobile light mortar.

Although a late development, the Japanese would use rocket artillery to great effect during the fighting in Manila.

The Japanese Type 96 was a 25mm anti-aircraft cannon that was salvaged from wrecked ships in Manila harbor and deployed across the city by the MNDF in late January of 1945.