The Battle of Manila
The Philippines - 1945
Second World War
Follow the Battle of Manila in 1945, as the Japanese occupation forces defend the city to the last man against the liberating American and Filipino forces day by day as it happened.
The Aftermath
The Battle of Manila had brought an appalling amount of death and destruction to the Pearl of the Orient, and to this day the scars have not fully healed. The massive toll in human lives, cultural heritage and economic damage can still be felt to this day.
Saturday, March 3
The Battle of Manila comes to a close as the last pockets of Japanese resistance are destroyed. The battle had taken four weeks, destroyed almost the entire city, and left over 1,000 Americans, 16,000 Japanese and 100,000 civilians dead.
Friday, March 2
The Americans enter the Finance Building as the Japanese make their final stand, and Old Glory is hoisted again over Corregidor as MacArthur returns.
Thursday, March 1
The final holdouts in the Agriculture Building are eliminated, and a few defenders surrender at the Finance Building, leaving the rest to make their final stand.
Wednesday, February 28
The Americans finish clearing the Legislature Building and take the Agriculture Building, leaving the Japanese to make their final stand in the Finance Building.
Tuesday, February 27
The Americans secure the Legisluature Building and the San Luis Apartments, leaving the Japanese only the Agriculture and Finance Buildings. At the Malacañang Palace, General MacArthur ceremoniously restores the Philippine Commonwealth in a ceremony with President Osmeña.
Monday, February 26
The Americans try to enter the Legislature and Agriculture Buildings, but are repulsed from both after fierce fighting. Meanwhile in Manila Bay, the fighting on Corregidor draws to a close.
Sunday, February 25
The Americans consolidate their positions around the last Japanese strongholds inside the Legislature, Finance and Agriculture Buildings of Luneta, and make the decision to take them quickly rather than subject them to siege.
Saturday, February 24
The Americans clear the Intramuros and the Port, and begin the bombardment of the final Japanese strongholds in the government buildings of Luneta. Meanwhile, the Battle for Corregidor nears its close as the Americans push the Japanese eastward into the bay.
Friday, February 23
The Americans launch their offensive into the Intramuros and the Port District, starting the final chapter of the Battle of Manila as they make the final moves to crush Admiral Iwabuchi and his Manila Naval Defense Force.
Thursday, February 22
The Americans secure the City Hall, Post Office, and Manila Hotel. Even as fighting continues for the University of the Philippines, the Americans are now ready to commence the final act of the Battle of Manila, as they prepare to launch their assault on the Intramuros tomorow.
Wednesday, February 21
The Americans are still stuck at the City Hall and University of the Philippines, but advance across Burnham Green to begin the assault on the Manila Hotel.
Tuesday, February 20
The Americans push into Luneta as the Police Station and High Commissioner’s Residence fall, although the fighting over the University of the Philippines and City Hall continue to prevent them from driving on the Intramuros itself.
Monday, February 19
The Americans push up Dewey Boulevard but are again stopped at the edge of Luneta by Japanese forces, this time inside the High Commissioner’s Residence. The fighting for the University of the Philippines and the Police Station remains fierce, and with little progress. On Corregidor, the Americans repel what is to be the last major counterattack, but the island is still far from secure.
Sunday, February 18
The Americans are temporarily stalled in the assault on the city center, pushing onto the University of the Philippines in the south while they continue to attack the Police Station as well as the City Hall and Central Post Office. On Corregidor, the Americans have pushed many Japanese into Malinta Tunnel, while other units press toward the western batteries.
Saturday, February 17
Despite making no progress against the Police Station, some units flank it to the north and approach the Central Post Office and City Hall, as US troops finally enter the Philippine General Hospital and secure it, freeing those trapped inside. To the south the Airborne finally took Fort McKinley, and repelled Shimbu Group’s counterattack later in the evening.
Friday, February 16
The 1st Cavalry launches its assault on Rizal Field and captures it after a day of heavy fighting, while the 37th Infantry’s attack on the General Hospital makes some progress. In Manila Bay another stage of the battle commences as US forces land on Corregidor.
Thursday, February 15
Fighting in the north continues to be bogged down at the Police Station and the General Hospital, and little progress is made at Fort McKinley. Despite this, the Americans continue to only gain in strength, and today Admiral Iwabuchi sends a dispatch to Yamashita and Naval Command reaffirming his intent to remain in Manila to the end.
Wednesday, February 14
The 37th Infantry is now bogged down on all fronts, with the 129th still held up at the Police Station near Provisor Island and the 148th now embroiled in a bitter fight for the General Hospital along Taft Avenue. Meanwhile, the 1st Cavalry continues to push against Rizal Stadium, while it is joined by the 11th Airborne in assaulting Fort McKinley.
Tuesday, February 13
The Americans continue to push into the city center as Nichols Field finally falls, as does Nielson Airport. Fort McKinley is now all that remains of the Genko Line, and the bombardment continues to increase in ferocity.
The Leaders
The Battle of Manila saw the forces of the Empire of Japan as well as the United States and Philippine Commonwealth clash over the capitol of the archipelago, led by an assortment of political and military leaders.
The Weapons
The machines of modern warfare played a pivotal role in the destruction wrought upon the Pearl of the Orient in early 1945. From rifles and pistols to swords and grenades, mortars to siege guns, trucks to tanks, all would be used in the brutal combat.
The City
Known as the Pearl of the Orient, Manila was the American gateway to Asia and the South Pacific. Rebuilt in the early 20th century into a modern city, and on its way to becoming the capitol of an independent Philippines, but that ended in 1942, and years of Japanese occupation have taken their toll.