The following is a list of all sources used by the author for the Battle of Manila Project. It will be updated as necessary during the research and writing.

Print Sources

Flanagan, Major Edward M.  The Angels: A History Of The 11th Airborne Division, 1943-1946  Washington, DC: Infantry Journal Press; 1948.

Flanagan, Major Edward M.
The Angels: A History Of The 11th Airborne Division, 1943-1946
Washington, DC: Infantry Journal Press; 1948.

Miranda, Miguel  Battle of Manila: Nadir of Japanese Barbarism  Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword Military; 2019.

Miranda, Miguel
Battle of Manila: Nadir of Japanese Barbarism
Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword Military; 2019.

Gilbert, Martin The Second World War: A Complete History New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, 1989

Gilbert, Martin
The Second World War: A Complete History
New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, 1989

Cortesi, Lawrence, The Battle for Manila  New York, NY: Zebra Books; 1984.

Cortesi, Lawrence,
The Battle for Manila
New York, NY: Zebra Books; 1984.

Scott, James M.  Rampage: MacArthur, Yamashita, and the Battle of Manila New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company; 2018.

Scott, James M.
Rampage: MacArthur, Yamashita, and the Battle of Manila
New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company; 2018.

Smith, Robert S. The War in the Pacific: Triumph in the Philippines Washington, DC: US Government, 1991

Smith, Robert S.
The War in the Pacific: Triumph in the Philippines
Washington, DC: US Government, 1991

Connaughton, Richard L.  The Battle for Manila: The Most Devastating Untold Story of World War II Novato, CA: Presidio Press; 1995.

Connaughton, Richard L.
The Battle for Manila: The Most Devastating Untold Story of World War II
Novato, CA: Presidio Press; 1995.

Breuer, William B. Retaking the Philippines: America’s Return to Corregidor and Bataan: October 1944-March 1945 New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press; 1986

Breuer, William B.
Retaking the Philippines: America’s Return to Corregidor and Bataan: October 1944-March 1945
New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press; 1986

  1. The Angels: A History Of The 11th Airborne Division, 1943-1946 - The official unit history of the 11th Airborne Division, this volume was useful in researching the Angels’ fight toward Manila and their subsequent operations against the Genko Line and southern Manila. (Internet Archive - https://archive.org/details/TheAngels11thAirborneDiv/mode/1up)

  2. The Battle for Manila - A basic overview of the conflict with a more narrative approach.

  3. The Battle for Manila: The Most Devastating Untold Story of World War II - One of the two most important books used for this project, this offers a detailed and objective account of the fighting as well as the Fall of the Philippines, Japanese occupation, and early Luzon Campaign.

  4. Battle of Manila: Nadir of Japanese Barbarism - A short account of the battle, with a particular emphasis on the commanders.

  5. Rampage: MacArthur, Yamashita, and the Battle of Manila - The other main book used in this project, this is an excellent and highly detailed account of the Battle of Manila from both the perspective of the soldiers and civilians.

  6. Retaking the Philippines: America’s Return to Corregidor and Bataan: October 1944-March 1945 - An account of the entire Philippine Campaign, as well as the Fall of the Philippines.

  7. The Second World War: A Complete History - A general overview of the war in general on all fronts, used for general context information.

  8. The War in the Pacific: Triumph in the Philippines - The official US Army history of the Philippine Campaign, providing detailed analysis from the American perspective. (Internet Archive - https://archive.org/details/triumphinphilipp00smit/mode/1up)

Online Sources

Reports of General MacArthur: The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific United States Army Center of Military History  https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/index.htm#contents

Reports of General MacArthur: The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific
United States Army Center of Military History

https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/index.htm#contents

BRIEFER: Massacres in the Battle of Manila Malacañang Palace Presidential Museum and Library http://malacanang.gov.ph/75083-briefer-massacres-in-the-battle-of-manila/

BRIEFER: Massacres in the Battle of Manila
Malacañang Palace Presidential Museum and Library
http://malacanang.gov.ph/75083-briefer-massacres-in-the-battle-of-manila/

Luzon United States Army Center of Military Historyhttps://history.army.mil/brochures/luzon/72-28.htm

Luzon
United States Army Center of Military History

https://history.army.mil/brochures/luzon/72-28.htm

Manila Nostalgiahttp://www.lougopal.com/manila/

Manila Nostalgia

http://www.lougopal.com/manila/

  1. Reports of General MacArthur: The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific - Transcribed official reports from General MacArthur’s headquarters during the war. Chapter IX, detailing the Luzon Campaign, was primarily used.

  2. Luzon - A short US Government publication on the Luzon Campaign transcribed for online use.

  3. Manila Nostalgia - An excellent blog with great information regarding the general history of Manila, particularly useful for background information about the city as it was before the battle.

  4. BRIEFER: Massacres in the Battle of Manila - A listing of the massacres that took place in the Battle of Manila, with dates and casualty estimates.

Video Sources

Asian Stalingrad - The Battle of Manila
Mark Felton Productions - Youtube
2020

Battle of Manila
PublicResourceOrg - Youtube
2010

Original: Battle of Manila
US Department of Defense
1959

Liberation: Battle of Manila
GovPH - Youtube
2015
Philippine Government Channel

  1. Asian Stalingrad - Dr. Mark Felton produces excellent videos on a wide variety of historical topics, here providing a detailed account of the battle of Manila.

  2. Battle of Manila - A documentary film made by the US Department of Defense in the late 1950s.

  3. Liberation: Battle of Manila - Short documentary film made by the Philippine Government to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the battle.

Image Sources

United States National Archives Online Cataloguehttps://www.archives.gov/research

United States National Archives Online Catalogue

https://www.archives.gov/research

Wikimedia Commonshttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Wikimedia Commons

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

  1. US National Archives - Contains large numbers of photographs of Manila during the US/Commonwealth era.

  2. Wikimedia Commons - Contains a vast number of photographs in an easily searchable format with clear licensing information.

The above sources were utilized without any type of explicit authorization from their creators. This project is an original work using information gained from the above cited sources.